From Endorsement to Adoption: Examining How Perceived Risk, Perceived Benefits, and Attitude Drive Electric Vehicle Adoption Intention Under Environmental Concern

Abstract

This study examines how perceived endorsement, range anxiety, perceived benefits, perceived risks, attitude toward electric vehicles (EVs), and environmental concern shape Indonesian consumers’ EV adoption and purchase intentions. A quantitative causal survey produced 451 responses, of which 404 usable cases were analyzed using PLS-SEM in SmartPLS 4 with a disjoint two-stage approach for higher-order constructs. Perceived endorsement increased perceived benefits and attitude while reducing range anxiety. Range anxiety increased perceived risk; perceived risk weakened attitude and adoption intention. Attitude increased adoption and purchase intentions, perceived benefits increased purchase intention, and adoption intention increased purchase intention. Environmental concern directly strengthened attitude, adoption intention, and purchase intention and significantly moderated key relationships. The findings show that EV acceptance in Indonesia depends on credible endorsement, tangible benefits, lower perceived risk and range anxiety, and environmental concern translated into practical consumer value. These findings provide important insights into the factors influencing consumer decision-making regarding EVs in Indonesia. The study also highlights the importance of strengthening positive perceptions and reducing psychological barriers associated with EV ownership. By understanding these relationships, policymakers, manufacturers, and other stakeholders can develop more effective strategies to encourage EV adoption and support the transition toward sustainable transportation in Indonesia.