Strategi Mengoptimalkan Manajemen Kinerja Karyawan Melalui Konsep Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB): Suatu Kajian Literatur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55606/jupiman.v2i2.1579Keywords:
Management, Employee PerformanceAbstract
This article aims to review and attempt to confirm the strategy for optimizing employee performance management through the concept of organizational citizenship behavior ( OCB). The research method used is qualitative and literature studies or library research. Based on the results and discussion, it can be concluded that to optimize employee performance management through organizational citizenship behavior ( OCB) it can be done with three factors, namely spiritual intelligence, leadership style and organizational culture. The position of spiritual intelligence in shaping organizational citizenship behavior ( OCB) and employee performance is very important because spiritual intelligence contains several aspects that are characteristic of high spiritual intelligence, namely: friendly attitude, closeness, curiosity, creativity, construction, self mastery and religion. Likewise, the element of leadership style is also an important element in employee performance management because leadership is a process by which an individual influences other members of the organization to work together to achieve organizational goals. As well as the elements of organizational culture in their influence on optimizing employee performance management is very strong, because in a strong culture, the main values of an organization or company are highly upheld and especially for all employees, the more employees who accept these values and the greater the commitment to them, the stronger the corporate culture. This strong culture will form cohesiveness, loyalty and commitment to the company in its employees which will reduce the desire of employees to leave the organization or company.
References
Aldag, R. & Reschke, W. (1997). Employee Value Added: Measuring Discretionary Effort and its Value to the Organization. Center Of Organization Effectiveness. Inc. 608/833- 3332.
Ali, H., & Lima Krisna, N. (2013). Metodologi Penelitian (Petunjuk Praktis untuk Pemecahan Masalah Bisnis, Penyusunan Skripsi, Tesis, dan Disertasi). Deepublish: Yogyakarta.
Ardana, Komang, I, Wayan, Mujiati Ni, Mudiartha Utama, & Wayan, I. (2012). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, Yogyakarta : Graha Ilmu.
Amstrong, Michael. (2004). Performance Management. Yogyakarta: Tugu Publisher.
Bass, B.M and Steidlmeier, P. (2006). Ethics, Character, And Authentic Transformational Leadership. Center for Leadership Studies, School of Management Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6015.
Bergeron, C. (2005). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Negative Relationship to Career Outcome. Academy of Management Best Conference Paper.
Bolino, M. C., Turnley, W. H. (2003) Going the extra mile: Cultivating and managing employee citizenship behavior. Academy of Management Executive.17(3: 60-71.
Brahmasari, Ida, Ayu, (2008). Pengaruh Variabel Budaya Organisasi, Komitmen Dan Kepuasan Kerja Pegawai Terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior Pegawai Kantor Bersama Samsat Manyar di Surabaya. Jurnal Akuntansi, Manajemen Bisnis Dan Sektor Publik (JAMBSP), Vol. 4 No. 3, pp. 269 – 290.
Chib, S. (2016). Study on Organizational Commitment and Workplace Empowerment as Predictors of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour. International Journal of Management & Development, 3, 63-73.
Deresky, H. (2000). International Management: Managing Across Boarders and Cultures. Third Edition, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc.
Denison, Daniel.R., Haaland, S., and Goelzer, P. (2003).Corporate Culture and Organizational Effectiveness: Is There a Similar pattern Arround the World? Advances in Global Leadership Journal, Vol. 3, hal. 205–227.
Doostar, Mohammad; Chegini, Mehrdad Godarzvand; Pourabbasi, Sita. (2012). Survey of Relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Interdisciplinary Journal Of Contemporary Research In Business. Vol. 3, NO 11 .
Evan, M., Berman, (2006). Performance and productivity in public and nonprofit organizations ,M.E.Sharpe. Armonk, New York.
Harwiki, Wiwiek. (2013). Influence of Servant Leadership to Motivation, Organization Culture, Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), and Employee’s Performance in Outstanding Cooperatives East Java Province, Indonesia.IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM). Volume 8, Issue 5 ,PP 50-58.
Hunt, S.T. (2002). On The Virtues of Staying ‘Inside of The Box’: Does Organizational Citizenship Behavior Detract from Performance in Taylorist Jobs ? International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 10 (1/2): 152-159.
Khazaei, K. Khalkhali A. and Eslami, N (2011). Relationship Between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Performance of School Teachers in West of Mazandaran Province. World Applied Sciences Journal 13 (2): 324-330.
Maharani, Vivin; Troena, E.A; dan Noermijati. (2013). Organizational Citizenship Behavior Role in Mediating the Effect of Transformational Leadership, Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance: Studies in PT Bank Syariah Mandiri Malang East Java. International Journal of Business and Management.Vol. 8, No. 17.
Mas’ud, F. (2004). Survai Diagnosis Organisasional (Konsep dan Aplikasi). Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Mathis, Robert L; and John H, Jackson.(2006). Manajemen Sumber daya Manusia. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Mardiana, Yusuf, Ria; Hamid, Nurdjannah ; Eliyana, Anis; Bahri, Syamsul; and Sudarisman, Antonius. (2012). The Antecedents of Employee’s Performance: Case Study of Nickel Mining’s Company, Indonesia. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR JBM),Volume 2, Issue 2, PP 22-28
Markoczy, L & Xin, K (2002). The virtues of comission in OCB, version 1.14., Diakses dari http://www.goldmark.org/livia/.
Maulizar; Musnadi, Said dan Yunus, Mukhlis. (2012). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transaksional Dan Transformasional Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Bank Syariah Mandiri Cabang Banda, Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen Pascasarjana Universitas Syiah Kuala.
Mc. Murray, A.J., Merlo, A.P., Sarros, J.C., Islam, M.M. (2010). Leadership, Climate, Psychological Capital, Commitment, and Wellbeing in a Non Profit Organization, Leadership & Organization Development Journal. Vol. 31 No. 5, hal. 436–457
Moeheriono. (2009). Pengukuran Kinerja Berbasis Kompetensi. Ghalia Indonesia.
Muttaqiyathun, Ani. (2010). Pengaruh Kecerdasan Emosional, Kecerdasan Intelektual dan Kecerdasan Spiritual terhadap Kinerja Dosen, Jurnal Penelitian dan Pemikiran Ekonomika-Bisnis, Vol. 02. No. 02 Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang pp 395-408.
Organ, D.W. and McFall, J.B. (2004), Personality and citizenship behavior in organizations, in Smith, B.S.D.B. (Ed.), Personality and Organizations, Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ, pp. 291-316.
Organ, D. W., Podsakoff, P. M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (2006). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Its Nature, Antecedents, and Consequences, United Kingdom: Sage Publications.
Ratna, Arina Paramita. (2008). Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi OCB pegawai kontrak. Tesis, Universitas Diponegoro Semarang.
Rashvand, Omid and Bahrevar, Elham. (2013), A Study of the Relationship among Spiritual intelligence, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Turnover Intentions. International Journal of Research in Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 25-34.
Rastgar, Ali, Abbas; Zarei, Azim; Davoudi, Mousavi, Mehdi, Seyed; Fartash, Kiarash. (2012). The link between workplace spirituality, Organizational citizenship behavior and job Performance in iran. A Journal of Economics and Management. Vol.1 Issue 6, September. p. 51-67.
Ribiere, V.M. and Sitar, A.S. (2003), Critical role of leadership in nurturing a knowledge-supporting culture, Knowledge Management Research & Practice, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 39-48.
Robbins dan Judge (2008). Perilaku Organisasi, Buku 1.Salemba Empat, Jakarta
Robbins, Stephen P. & Judge, Timothy A. (2015). Perilaku Organisasi, Jakarta : Penerbit Salemba Empat.
Sedarmayanti. (2011). Membangun dan Mengembangkan Kepemimpinan Serta Meningkatkan Kinerja untuk Meraih Keberhasilan. Refika Aditama. Bandung.
Setyani, D. (2013). Pengaruh Job Involvement terhadap Job Performance dan Organizational Citizenship Behavior pada Karyawan PT. Wahana Lentera Raya Gresik. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Manajemen, 1, 1-
Shahzad, Fakhar; Iqbal, Zahid; Gulzar, Muhammad. (2013). Impact of Organizational Culture on Employees Job Performance: An Empirical Study of Software Houses in Pakistan. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly. Volume 5, Number 2. p.56 - 64 .
Sivasakthi, K. & Selvarani A,. (2014). The Causal Relationship Between Job Attitude And Organizational Citizenship Behavior In Yashimarine Logistics (P) Ltd., At Chennai. International Journal of Management, 1, 373-384.
Shu-Mei Tseng, 2010). (2010), The correlation between organizational culture and knowledge conversion on corporate performance, Journal Of Knowledge Management, Vol. 14 No. 2, pp. 269-284.
Smircich, Linda (1983). Concepts of Culture And Organizational Analysis. Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 28, No. 3, 339-358.
Sudarma, Ketut. (2011). Analisis kesejahteraan berbasis kinerja melalui Kompetensi dan Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) tenaga Administrasi Universitas Negeri Semarang (Unnes).Jurnal Dinamika Sosial Ekonomi. Volume 7 Nomor 1 Edisi Mei.
Sugiyanto dan Sutanto, Hery. (2010). Membangun etos kerja yang proaktif guna, Mengoptimalkan kinerja melalui spiritual centered Leadership, employee empowerment, organizational Citizenship behavior. Buletin Ekonomi. Vol. 8, No. 2, Agustus 2010 hal 70-170.
Suliman, Abubakr & Al Obaidli, Hanan. (2013). Leadership and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in the financial service sector The case of the UAE. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration.Vol. 5 No. 2. pp. 115-134. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Thoha, Miftah. (2010). Kepemimpinan dan Manajemen, Divisi Buku Perguruan Tinggi, PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta.
Zohar, D. and I. Marshall. (2007). SQ; Kecerdasan Spiritual, diterjemahkan oleh Rahmani Astuti, Ahamad Nadjib Burhani, Ahmad Baiquni. Bandung, Mizan.
