Pengaruh Massa Pengguna dan Durasi Pembebanan terhadap Retensi Muatan Elektrik pada Prototipe Pemanen Energi Piezoelektrik PZT Konfigurasi Paralel

Abstract

The demand for self-powered systems has driven the development of piezoelectric-based smart floors. This study evaluates the performance of a 60 x 60 cm smart tile prototype integrating 20 units of Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) piezoelectric modules in a parallel configuration. The primary objective is to analyze the effects of dynamic user mass 47 kg, 56 kg, 81 kg, and 106 kg and loading duration 1 minute, 2 minutes, and 3 minutes via continuous stepping on the electrical charge retention of a 470 µF electrolytic filter capacitor under a 1.000 Ω resistive load. Temporal data collection was conducted to measure the maximum voltage (V_max) and the transient decay time (t_discharge) to 0 V. Experimental results indicate that an increase in user mass is directly proportional to V_max elevation, where a 106 kg mass over a 3-minute duration yielded the highest peak voltage of 6.9 V. The charge depletion characteristics revealed a physical anomaly where the actual discharge duration extended from 200 seconds to 1.872 seconds, significantly exceeding the theoretical RC circuit time constant τ = 0.47 seconds. This phenomenon confirms a strong dielectric absorption effect alongside the dominant influence of the instrument's high internal input impedance during the open-circuit phase. This study provides crucial empirical insights for designing practical-scale power management systems in smart floors.