Kepastian Hukum bagi Pelaku Usaha pada Pembentukan Keseimbangan Pasar pada Industri Minyak Goreng di Indonesia

Abstract

The national cooking oil industry experienced a price crisis in 2022, influenced by fluctuations in raw material prices in the global market. This condition prompted the government to implement a Maximum Retail Price policy as an effort to control prices and protect consumers. However, the policy created distortions in the domestic market equilibrium and affected cooking oil production and distribution activities. Several business entities responded to these conditions by limiting production volumes and supply. These actions subsequently became the basis for the competition authority to impose administrative sanctions based on indirect evidence. This study aims to analyze the legal considerations of the Supreme Court in overturning the sanctions through Decision Number 85 K/Pdt.Sus-KPPU/2025. This study employed a qualitative method using statutory and judicial case study approaches. The findings indicate that the Supreme Court did not accept the standard of proof applied by the Business Competition Supervisory Commission and emphasized the importance of evidence capable of demonstrating the existence of a cartel agreement. Supply restrictions under certain circumstances may be considered a rational economic response to market conditions. Legal certainty is therefore necessary to protect legitimate business activities while supporting supply chain stability and maintaining fair and healthy business competition.