Kerjasama ASEAN dalam Penanganan Pengungsi Rohingya: Tantangan Prinsip Non-Intervensi di Tengah Krisis Kemanusiaan (2021-2025)

Abstract

This study examines the humanitarian crisis of Rohingya refugees following the 2021 military coup in Myanmar, which has evolved from a domestic issue into a transnational non-traditional security challenge for Southeast Asia. The research aims to analyze ASEAN’s cooperation dynamics in responding to the increasing influx of Rohingya refugees during the 2021–2025 period and to identify structural constraints arising from the strict implementation of the non-interference principle. A descriptive qualitative method with a literature review approach was employed. Data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, consisting of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The data sources include ASEAN Charter documents, AHA Centre press releases, UNHCR annual reports, and reputable academic journals. The findings indicate that although ASEAN relies on the ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance (AHA Centre) as its emergency response mechanism, its operational effectiveness is severely constrained in practice due to limited access controlled by the Myanmar military junta. This reflects an institutional paralysis in regional humanitarian coordination. The analysis further demonstrates that state sovereignty remains prioritized over individual human security within ASEAN’s normative framework. As an academic contribution, this study proposes a conceptual model of normative flexibility through a Flexible Engagement mechanism. It recommends three key institutional reforms: guaranteeing unconditional humanitarian access for the AHA Centre, adopting a majority voting mechanism for urgent non-traditional security issues, and strengthening the quasi-judicial function of the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR) to improve regional humanitarian response effectiveness.