Legalitas Bukti Digital Berbasis Kecerdasan Buatan dalam Proses Peradilan

Abstract

The development of artificial intelligence has changed the way digital information is collected, processed, and presented in judicial processes. AI-based digital evidence can assist law enforcement institutions in identifying patterns, classifying large volumes of data, and strengthening electronic evidence in cases involving cybercrime, electronic transactions, and other technology-related disputes. However, the use of AI also raises important questions concerning legality, transparency, accountability, algorithmic bias, and the protection of personal data and human rights. This study aims to examine the legal position of AI-based digital evidence in Indonesian judicial practice and to identify the regulatory and ethical requirements that should be fulfilled before such evidence is accepted in court. The research applies a qualitative descriptive approach through library research by reviewing legislation, scholarly literature, and relevant regulatory developments concerning electronic evidence, data protection, and electronic court administration. The discussion shows that Indonesian law has recognized electronic information and electronic documents, yet it has not specifically regulated AI-generated or AI-processed evidence. Therefore, courts need clear standards for verification, auditability, chain of custody, explainability, and human oversight. The study concludes that AI-based digital evidence may support a more efficient justice system, but its acceptance must remain subject to due process, proportionality, and protection of individual rights.