Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Industrial Activities and Their Impact on Public Health in Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55606/jrik.v6i2.6371Keywords:
environmental health risks, industrial pollution, Indonesia, public health, systematic literature reviewAbstract
Industrial development in Indonesia has contributed significantly to economic growth; however, it has also increased environmental pollution and public health risks. Industrial activities produce various pollutants that contaminate air, water, and soil, potentially causing adverse health effects among exposed populations. This study aimed to identify environmental health risks associated with industrial pollution and their impacts on public health in Indonesia. A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and SpringerLink databases using relevant keywords. Original research articles published between 2014 and 2025 were screened based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in ten eligible studies included in the review. Data were synthesized narratively according to industrial sources, environmental exposures, study populations, and health outcomes. The findings identified four major environmental exposures, namely air pollution, dust exposure, heavy metal contamination, and industrial wastewater pollution. Respiratory disorders were the most frequently reported health outcomes, followed by cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, kidney impairment, and carcinogenic risks. Communities and workers living near industrial areas were identified as the most vulnerable populations due to prolonged environmental exposure. In conclusion, industrial pollution remains an important environmental health issue in Indonesia. Strengthening environmental monitoring systems, implementing stricter industrial emission control policies, and conducting routine environmental health risk assessments are necessary to reduce health risks and support sustainable industrial development.
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