Formulasi dan Uji Sifat Fisik Sediaan Solid Lipid Nanopartikel (SLN) Ekstrak Propolis Trigona Sp. dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Tween 80

Laura Christiani Donalisa Mantovani; Sapri Sapri; Rofidah Nur Umar

doi:10.55606/detector.v4i3.6635

Authors

Laura Christiani Donalisa Mantovani Universitas Mulia Balikpapan
Sapri Sapri Universitas Mulia Balikpapan
Rofidah Nur Umar Universitas Mulia Balikpapan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55606/detector.v4i3.6635

Keywords:

Entrapment Efficiency, Physical Properties, Propolis Trigona sp, Solid Lipid Nanoparticles, Tween 80

Abstract

Propolis is a natural ingredient containing various bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) is one of the delivery systems that has the potential to overcome bioactive compounds that have limited bioavailability and solubility. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in Tween 80 concentration on the physical properties of SLN formulations of Trigona sp. propolis extract. Experimental research with SLN formulations using the heat homogenization method using variations in Tween 80 concentrations of 0.5%; 1%; 2%; and 3%. Evaluations were carried out on organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, stability, percent transmittance (%T), and entrapment efficiency (%EP). All SLN formulas had good initial organoleptic characteristics and homogeneity. Better organoleptic stability in F3 (Tween 80 2%) and F4 (Tween 80 3%) due to minimizing sedimentation and phase separation. The pH value was in the weak acid range, while the optimum viscosity was obtained at F2 (Tween 80 1%). The %T values of F3 and F4 were 72.72% and 79.43%, respectively, indicating the formation of a nano-sized dispersion system. The overall %EP value was 73.05–77.94%, with the highest value at F2 (Tween 80 1%), indicating that most of the phenolic compounds of the propolis extract were successfully encapsulated in the SLN lipid matrix. Variations in Tween 80 concentration affected the physical properties of the SLN.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adlina, M., Utami, I. W., & Meray, N. W. (2025). Uji Aktivitas Antijamur Ekstrak Propolis dari Lebah Trigona Sp asal Balikpapan terhadap Candida Tropicalis. An-Najat, 3(4), 11–23. https://doi.org/10.59841/an-najat.v3i4.3377

Alfarisi, A. D., & Susilowati, S. (2024). Kajian Potensi Budidaya Lebah Trigona sp (Lebah madu kelulut) sebagai alternatif mata pencaharian masyarakat. Jurnal Dinamika Rekasatwa, 7(1), 175–185.

Asita, N., Zubair, M. S., & Syukri, Y. (2023). Formulasi Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) yang Memanfaatkan Tanaman Obat: Narrative Review. Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis, 10(2), 184. https://doi.org/10.25077/jsfk.10.2.184-196.2023

Ballouk, M. A.-H., Altinawi, M., & Fudalej, P. S. (2025). The multifaceted therapeutic potential of propolis: an integrative report on its pharmacological properties and emerging advances. Discover Applied Sciences, 7(9), 962. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-07648-0

Chikka, M., Vijetha, K. A., & Reddy, M. S. (2025). Solid lipid nanoparticles: a promising platform for controlled and targeted drug delivery. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 15(12), 115–121. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v15i12.7465

Duan, Y., Dhar, A., Patel, C., Khimani, M., Neogi, S., Sharma, P., Siva Kumar, N., & Vekariya, R. L. (2020). A brief review on solid lipid nanoparticles: part and parcel of contemporary drug delivery systems. RSC Advances, 10(45), 26777–26791. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0RA03491F

Khan, A. S., Shah, K. U., Mohaini, M. Al, Alsalman, A. J., Hawaj, M. A. Al, Alhashem, Y. N., Ghazanfar, S., Khan, K. A., Niazi, Z. R., & Farid, A. (2022). Tacrolimus-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Gel: Formulation Development and In Vitro Assessment for Topical Applications. Gels, 8(2), 129. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8020129

Khoerunisa, I., Najihudin, A., & Hindun, S. (2020). REVIEW ARTIKEL: SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES (SLN) METODE DAN KARAKTERISTIK. Jurnal Insan Farmasi Indonesia, 3(2), 307–316. https://doi.org/10.36387/jifi.v3i2.548

Khongkaew, P., & Chaemsawang, W. (2021). Development and Characterization of Stingless Bee Propolis Properties for the Development of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Loading Lipophilic Substances. International Journal of Biomaterials, 2021, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6662867

Lingayat, V. J., Zarekar, N. S., & Shendge, R. S. (2017). Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: A Review. Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research, 4(2), 67–72. https://doi.org/10.12691/nnr-4-2-5

Liu, M., Li, X., Chen, H., Pan, F., Zheng, X., Battino, M., Tian, W., & Peng, W. (2025). Propolis as a promising functional ingredient: a comprehensive review on extraction, bioactive properties, bioavailability, and industrial applications. Food Science and Human Wellness, 14(10), 9250236. https://doi.org/10.26599/FSHW.2024.9250236

Navaei, F. S., & Asoodeh, A. (2023). Synthesis of optimized propolis solid lipid nanoparticles with desirable antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 18290. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-45768-y

Rowe, R. C., Sheskey, P. J., & Owen, S. C. (2006). Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients Fifth Edition (5th ed.). Pharmaceutical Press.

Sarapa, A., Peter, A., Buettner, A., & Loos, H. M. (2025). Organoleptic and chemical properties of propolis: a review. European Food Research and Technology, 251(6), 1331–1352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-025-04708-y

Shabrina, A., & Afifah Kumalasari. (2026). KAJIAN NARASI PENGGUNAAN TWEEN 80 SEBAGAI SURFAKTAN UNTUK PENINGKATAN STABILITAS NANOEMULSI TOPIKAL. CENDEKIA EKSAKTA, 11(1), 34–45. https://doi.org/10.31942/jice.v11i1.15553

Sri Maryani, Hery Haryanto, M. Taufik Fauzi, & Amrul Jihadi. (2024). Jenis Lebah Trigona Yang Dibudidayakan Dan Hama Yang Menyerang Di Kabupaten Lombok Barat. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Agrokomplek, 3(1), 11–19. https://doi.org/10.29303/jima.v3i1.3559

Subroto, E., Andoyo, R., & Indiarto, R. (2023). Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Review of the Current Research on Encapsulation and Delivery Systems for Active and Antioxidant Compounds. Antioxidants, 12(3), 633. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12030633

Taherzadeh, S., Naeimifar, A., Yeganeh, E. M., Esmaili, Z., Mahjoub, R., & Javar, H. A. (2020). Preparation, Statistical Optimization and Characterization of Propolis-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Using Box-Behnken Design. Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.34172/apb.2021.043

Vaseghi, A., Parchin, R. A., Chamanie, K. R., Herb, M., Maleki, H., & Sadeghizadeh, M. (2024). Encapsulation of propolis extracted with methylal in the chitosan nanoparticles and its antibacterial and cell cytotoxicity studies. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 24(1), 165. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-024-04472-8

Yudono, B. (2017). SPEKTROMETRI. Simetri.

Zullkiflee, N., Taha, H., & Usman, A. (2022). Propolis: Its Role and Efficacy in Human Health and Diseases. Molecules, 27(18), 6120. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27186120