Kasus Hipertensi Derajat 2 pada Perempuan Usia 65 Tahun di Puskesmas Banda Baro

Abstract

Hypertension is a chronic disease with a high prevalence and is recognized as a major risk factor for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and chronic kidney disorders. The condition often presents with nonspecific or no symptoms, leading to delayed diagnosis and management, particularly among older adults. This case report aimed to describe the diagnostic approach, risk factors, management strategies, and promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative interventions for hypertensive patients in primary healthcare settings. The method used was a descriptive case report approach involving history taking, physical examination, environmental assessment, family risk factor evaluation, and home visits. The subject was a 65-year-old female patient who presented with complaints of headache for three days prior to examination, accompanied by dizziness, neck heaviness, blurred vision, and occasional palpitations. Physical examination revealed a blood pressure of 160/110 mmHg, supporting the diagnosis of grade 2 hypertension. Identified risk factors included advanced age, family history of hypertension, overweight body mass index, and suboptimal adherence to treatment and routine follow-up. Management included pharmacological therapy using amlodipine, lifestyle modification counseling, low-salt dietary recommendations, regular physical activity, and periodic blood pressure monitoring. A comprehensive individual-, family-, and environment-based approach demonstrated the importance of early detection, treatment adherence, and behavioral modification in achieving blood pressure control and preventing long-term complications.