Transformasi Paradigma Kerja di Era Digital: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis terhadap Efektivitas, Produktivitas, dan Kesejahteraan Karyawan pada Model Remote Working 2024-2025

Saryadi Saryadi

doi:10.55606/detector.v3i4.5368

Authors

Saryadi Saryadi Universitas Duta Bangsa Surakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55606/detector.v3i4.5368

Keywords:

Remote Working; Productivity; Mental Well-being; Artificial Intelligence; Human Resource Management

Abstract

The transition to the remote working era has reached a point of stabilization as a fundamental structure in the 2025 global employment landscape. This systematic literature review aims to evaluate the impact of remote work on employee productivity, mental well-being, and the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) integration. By analyzing large-scale secondary data (>10,000 participants) from various authoritative databases, the study finds that productivity experienced a net increase of 13% to 22%. The primary driver is the average commute time saving of 72 minutes per day, which is converted into productive work hours. However, findings also indicate a risk of digital burnout in 69% of respondents due to an "always-on" work culture. AI integration has assisted 65% of workers in automating administrative tasks, shifting focus toward strategic work. This research concludes that the success of remote work models requires a shift in leadership style toward trust-based management and formal policies regarding the "right to disconnect.".

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Advisor, F. (2024). Remote work statistics: Mental health and isolation trends in the digital workplace. In Forbes Media.

Angela, P. N., Rahmanita, M., & Ingkadijaya, R. (2025). Pengaruh Tren Workation Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Dengan Work Life Balance , Memorable Tourism Experience dan Adaptabilitas Teknologi Sebagai Variabel Intervening Pada Generasi Milenial. SENTRI, 4(8), 986–1006.

Babiker, M., Merisalu, E., & Kalkis, H. (2025). Prospective Effects Of Artificial Intelligence On Burnout Syndrome : Reducing Risks And Enhancing Psychological Well-Being. SIGURNOST, 67(2), 135–141.

Chasanah, D. N., Nasir, M. J. A., & Gumilang, A. (2025). Analisis Korelasi Faktor-Faktor Penentu Produktivitas dalam Skema Remote Work Menggunakan Pendekatan Visualisasi dan Statistik. JTIM : Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Dan Multimedia, 7(3), 538–547.

Dara, D., Febriantina, S., & Suwatno, S. (2025). Enhancing well-being in hybrid work : the crucial role of organizational support for Indonesia ’ s State Civil Apparatus. Cogent Psychology, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2025.2454084

Delila, D., & Hadi, C. (2024). Dampak Remote Work Pasca COVID-19 terhadap Well-Being Karyawan. Al-Hayat: Natural Sciences, Health & Environment Journal, 2(2), 201–215. https://doi.org/10.47467/alhayat.v2i2.4285

Hajikazemi, S., Smyth, H., Duryan, M., Yuan, F., & Liu, C. (2025). Exploring Mindfulness as a Tool for Recognition and Prevention of Burnout in Construction and Engineering. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Managemen, 1–20. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-11-2024-1634

Hasanah, S. W. U., & Perkasa, D. H. (2024). Adaptasi Praktik Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia dalam Lingkup Kerja Remote Work Pada Organisasi Internasional : Tantangan dan Strategi Terbaik. JEMSI, 6(2), 1013–1020.

Iyer, S. S. (2025). Archives of Social Science The Psychology of Hybrid Work : Understanding Employee Well-being , Productivity , and Digital Fatigue. Archives of Social Science Research, 1(1), 1–10.

Luh, N., Rahayu, S., Sari, P., & Maradona, A. F. (2025). Kontribusi Work From Home , Kepemimpinan Digital dan Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Kinerja yang Dimoderasi oleh Motivasi Kerja. JURNAL LOCUS: Penelitian & Pengabdian, 4(9), 9090–9107.

Mahadevan, J., Mayer, C., Bos-nehles, A., & Syed, J. (2025). The remote work transformation : new actors , new contexts , new implications. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 36(10), 1653–1665. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2025.2536965

Mahesti, T., & Firmansyah. (2025). Efektivitas Sistem Kerja Hybrid Dalam Meningkatkan Work-Life Balance Dan Produktivitas Karyawan Pada Perusahaan Startup. JAME: Jurnal Managemen Dan Ekonomi, 1(3), 108–118.

Maity, R., & Loon, K. (2025). The impact of remote and hybrid work models on small and Medium-sized enterprises productivity : a systematic literature review. Business & Economics, 5(158). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s43546-025-00931-7 REVIEW The

Melnyk, B. M., Walline, J. J., Hsieh, A. P., Melnyk, B. M., Walline, J. J., Hsieh, A. P., & Helsabeck, N. P. (2025). Workplace Wellness Support Enhances Health and Mental Well-Being in Optometrists Workplace Wellness Support Enhances Health and Mental Well-Being in Optometrists. Clinical Optometry ISSN:, 2752, 20–35. https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTO.S500143

Miren, A., Ruiz, I., Gijselaers, W., Beausaert, S. A. J., & Gast, I. (2025). Being Well in Academia : A Systematic Review on the Conceptualization and Measurement of Well-being and Well-being indicators. Review of Educational Research, XX(X), 1–44. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543251380975

Muchtar, A. H. (2025). HRM in the Age of Gen Z : Balancing Flexibility , Well-Being , and Productivity. Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business (RIGGS), 4(3), 3204–3211.

Omose, O., & Ikuyinminu, K. S. (2024). Revolutionizing Corporate Burnout Support and Employee Wellness Programs Using AI-Powered Predictive Analytics. IRE Journals, 8(6Omose, O., Ikuyinminu, K. S. (2024). Revolutionizing Corporate Burnout Support and Employee Wellness Programs Using AI-Powered Predictive Analytics. IRE Journals, 8(6), 48–59.), 48–59.

Seng, B., Lim, W., Ainin, S., Zakaria, N., & Foo, S. M. (2025). Assessing the causal relationship of remote work and employee productivity – a study of corporate Malaysia. Cogent Social Sciences, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2025.2481194

Sharma, N., Gurram, N. T., Siddiqui, M. S., Soorya, A. M. V, Jindal, S., & Kalita, J. P. (2025). Hybrid Work Leadership : Balancing Productivity and Employee Well-being. Vascular and Endovascular Review, 8(11), 417–424.

Solutions, V. (2025). Global benchmarking report: The productivity of remote vs hybrid models and the future of work 2026. In VENA. https://www.venasolutions.com/blog/remote-work-statistics

Sugiarto, B., Dewanto, R., Susilo, T., Arismunandar, S., Wahyudi, E., Jauh, K. J., Digital, T., Perubahan, M., Pemimpin, A., & Leadership, O. (2025). Kepemimpinan Di Era Kerja Hybrid: Tantangan, Peluang, Dan Strategi Efektif. HUMANITIS: Jurnal Humaniora, Sosial Dan Bisnis, 3(7), 36–50.

Sulaiman, A. S., & Onah, I. L. (2025). Employee Well-being, Remote Work, and Productivity in Hybrid Work Models. Journal of Business Dev. and Management Res. (JBDMR), 10(7), 201–209.

Supriyadi, T., Sulistiasih, S., Rahmi, K. H., Pramono, B., & Fahrudin, A. (2025). The impact of digital fatigue on employee productivity and well-being : A scoping literature review. Environment and Social Psychology (2025), 10(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v10i2.3420